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Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber coined the term “wicked problem” in a 1973 publication to describe complex societal challenges that resist simple solutions. Wicked problems are difficult to define because stakeholders often view them differently, have no single right or wrong solution—only options that may be better or worse—and every solution creates lasting consequences that are difficult to predict or reverse. Challenges such as extreme weather, water scarcity, and resilient infrastructure planning are classic examples, requiring decisions that balance competing priorities, uncertainty, and long-term impacts.